Sei Tungsten Yakakosha Kwazvo Pakushanda Kwekuchera Mafuta Negasi?

Kukosha kwe tungsten (kunyanya tungsten carbide) mukuchera peturu kunogona kufananidzwa nekuti ndiyo"Mazino eindasitiri"yekushanda. Inopa maturusi ekuboorera pamwe chete nekugona kusarudza nguva dzose, zvinobudirira, uye zvakavimbika kupwanya dombo uku vachizvidzivirira mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma epasi.Izvimusanganiswa wakakwana wekuoma, kuomarara, kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya, uye kuramba kupfekainoita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha uye chisingatsivike parizvino. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei kuchinja-chinja kwemitengo yetungsten kuchikanganisa zvakananga indasitiri yese yekuchera peturu.

Pazasi pane ongororo yakadzama yezvikonzero zvikuru:

I. Chinhu Chinokosha Chekukunda Mamiriro Ekushanda Akanyanya

Kuchera peturu—kunyanya mumatsime akadzika, matsime akadzika zvakanyanya, matsime akatenderera egasi reshale, uye kuchera kunze kwenyika—kune matambudziko matatu makuru “akanyanya”:

1. Kumanikidzwa Kwakanyanya uye Tembiricha: Pakadzika kwemakiromita akati wandei, tembiricha inogona kudarika 200°C, nekumanikidzwa kusvika kumazana emhepo.
2. Kukuvara Kwakanyanya: Zvidimbu zvekuboorera zvinofanira kupwanya mapuranga akaomarara uye anokwesha (semuenzaniso, granite, flint, quartz sandstone).
3. Kuora Kwakanyanya: Mvura yekuboorera inogona kunge iine makemikari anoparadza, mvura ine munyu, uye gasi rehydrogen sulfide.

Mhinduro yeTungsten: Tungsten Carbide Hard Alloy

• Kuoma Kusingaenzaniswi uye Kuramba Kupfeka: Tungsten carbide ndiyo yechipiri chete pakuomarara kwedhaimani asi ine simba rekudzivirira kukuvadzwa uye kusimba kupfuura dhaimani. Izvi zvinoita kuti ishande se "mazino eindasitiri," ichiramba ichicheka dombo ichitenderedzwa nekumhanya kukuru uye mutoro unorema, ine hupenyu hwekushanda hwakareba kagumi kusvika mazana kupfuura simbi yakajairika.
• Kuoma Kwakanaka Kwazvo Kunopisa: Inoramba yakasimba kunyangwe pakupisa kwakanyanya (kusvika ~1000°C), kusiyana nesimbi dzakawanda dzinokurumidza kupfava uye kusashanda.
• Kugadzikana Kwakanaka Kwemakemikari: Inodzivirira ngura inobva mukucherwa kwemvura uye mvura iri pasi pevhu.

II. Mashandisirwo Akakosha Mumasisitimu Ekuchera

Tungsten (kunyanya muchimiro che tungsten carbide uye tungsten alloys) inokosha kune zvakawanda zvakakosha pakushanda kwekuboora:

1. "Mazino" uye Micheto Yekucheka Yezvimedu Zvekudhonza:

• Zvidimbu zveCone: "Mazino" ari mukona yega yega akagadzirwa zvakanyanya netungsten carbide. Ndiwo mutsetse wepamberi padombo rinobata uye rinopwanyika.
• Zvidimbu zveKucheka Zvakagadziriswa: Kunyange hazvo PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact) bits ichishandisa michina yekucheka madhaimani pakuchekerera dhaimani munzvimbo yakakura,Zvigadziriso zvegauge, mazino echitsitsinho, uye ma "reinforcement inserts" munzvimbo dzakakombaKazhinji vanoshandisa tungsten carbide kudzivirira kusakara kwemuviri we bit.
• Zvidimbu Zvakakosha: "Mabhiti Akaiswa Mudumbu eDiamond" anoshandiswa muzvikamu zvakaoma zvikuru ane huwandu hwakawanda hwetungsten carbide particles mukati me matrix, zvichishanda sezvinhu zvinokwenya uye sechimiro chekutsigira.

1. Zvikamu Zvisingapfeki zveZvishandiso Zvakakosha:

• Zvishandiso zveDownhole: Nzvimbo dzekunze dzezvishandiso zveMWD/LWD, zvinosimbisa, uye zvinogadzirisa zvinhu zvinowanzova dzakaomarara netungsten carbide particles kana kuti dzakafukidzwa netungsten carbide inserts kuti dzisaparare zvakanyanya kubva patsime remvura.
• Zvikamu zveTambo Dzora: Mabhande ekupfekera pamisungo yezvishandiso zvepaipi yekuboorera uye mapaipi ekuboorera anorema akafukidzwa netungsten carbide kuderedza zvakanyanya kukweshana uye kupera paganda, zvichidzivirira machubhu anodhura.

1. Zvinhu Zvinorema Zvakanyanya Kuwanda:

• Tungsten-nickel-iron alloyszvinoshandiswa pakuyera zvinhu nemazvo muzvishandiso zvekunyora nekunyora zvakaita seMWD/LWD.kuwanda kwakanyanya (≈18 g/cm³)inobvumira huwandu hwakawanda munzvimbo dzakamanikana, zvichinyatsogadzirisa maturusi uye kuona kuti data rakawanikwa nemazvo.

III. Mabhenefiti Akananga—Nei “Asingatsiviwi”

1. Kubudirira Kwakawedzerwa Kwekubhowa: Zvikamu zvetungsten zvakaoma uye zvisingapfeki zvinoita kutimwero wepamusoro wekupinda (ROP)uyekureba kwevhidhiyo pakumhanya kwe bit, zvichideredza zvakananga nguva yekuvaka tsime.
2. Kuchengetedzwa uye Kuvimbika Kwekushanda Kwacho Kwakasimbiswa: Kukundikana kamwe kamwe kwechimedu kana chishandiso chemvura inosvika zviuru zvemamita kunogona kukonzera mabasa ekuredza anodhura kana kutorasikirwa netsime. Kuvimbika kwakanyanya kwezvikamu zvetungsten ndiko kunokosha kuti basa rirambe richienderera mberi.
3. Mutengo Wakaderera Wese: Kunyange zvazvo zvinhu zvetungsten zvichidhura, mabhenefiti azvo—nguva shoma yekudonha kwebhiti, mwero wakaderera wekukundikana, uye huwandu hwakawanda hwemifananidzo yekuboorera—zvinokonzera mutengo wakaderera zvakanyanya pamita imwe neimwe muhupenyu hwese.
4. Inobvumira Kushanda Kwakanyanya: Pasina tungsten-hard alloys, kuchera matsime mazhinji emazuva ano anopfuura mamita 5,000 kudzika (matsime akadzika/akadzika zvakanyanya) uye matsime akaomarara aisazokwanisika tekinoroji kana hupfumi.