Chii chinonzi vharuvhu yemuti weKisimusi?

Muti weKisimusi wakabatanidzwa chinhu chakabatanidzwa apo vharuvhu repasi, vharuvhu repamusoro, nevharuvhu rinoyerera zvinosanganiswa kuita chinhu chimwe chete. Izvi zvinoponesa nguva yekushanda kwevashandi panguva yekuisa.

Musoro wetsimeuye Muti weKisimusi

Musoro wetsime ndicho chinhu chiri pamusoro petsime remafuta kana gasi, zvichipa rutsigiro rwechivakwa uye nzvimbo ine simba rekushandisa michina yekuboora nekugadzira.

Basa guru remusoro wetsime nderekupa nzvimbo yekutsigira uye mudziyo wekuvhara kumanikidzwa kwetambo yekasi inotangira pasi petsime kusvika kumidziyo yekudzora kumanikidzwa pamusoro.

Panguva yekuchera matsime, kumanikidzwa kwepamusoro kunodzorwa neBlowout Preventer (BOP). Kana kumanikidzwa kukasadzorwa nekoramu yemvura inochera panguva yekuchera, tsime, musoro wetsime, neBOP zvinogona kuputika, zvichikonzera chiitiko chekuputika.

Kana kuchera kwapera, mabasa ekupedzisa anoitwa kuti pave nekubatana nedombo remugodhi uye kugadzira mugero wekuti mvura ifambe zvakanaka. Muti weKisimusi wakaiswa pamusoro petsime unogonesa kudzora kumanikidzwa kwepamusoro, uine mavharuvhu ekuparadzanisa uye machoke kuti adzore kuyerera kwemvura zvakanaka panguva yekugadzirwa.

Musoro wetsime unowanzo sungirirwa patambo yekutanga uye woiswa panzvimbo yawo panguva yekucherwa, zvichigadzira chimiro chakakwana chetsime. Kune matsime ekutsvaga ayo anozosiyiwa gare gare, musoro wetsime unogona kutorwa, kugadziriswa, uye kushandiswazve.

Mipata yemvura iri mugungwa, iri panzvimbo dzekugadzira zvinhu inonzi matsime epamusoro; kana iri pasi pemvura, inonzi matsime epasi pegungwa kana kuti matsime ematope.

Magadzirirwo Edhizaini

Zvinodiwa neindasitiri yemasisitimu emusoro wetsime (kusanganisira zvinhu, saizi, maitiro ekuyedza, uye kuongororwa kwekumanikidzwa) ndeizvi:

API 6A: Tsanangudzo yeWellhead neMidziyo yeMuti

ISO 10423: Mwero weWellhead neMidziyo yeMuti

Chii chinonzi vharuvhu yemuti weKisimusi?

Vharuvhu yeMuti weKisimusi inzira ine mavharuvhu, machoke, mapaipi, uye zvishandiso, zvakatumidzwa zita rekuti zvakafanana nemuti weKisimusi wakashongedzwa. Zvakakosha kusimbisa kuti vharuvhu yeMuti weKisimusi yakasiyana nemusoro wetsime; inoshanda sebhiriji pakati pemamiriro egomba rakadzika nemamiriro ekunze. Mushure mekunge kugadzirwa kwatanga, mavharuvhu aya anoiswa pamusoro pemusoro wetsime kuti atungamirire uye adzore kuyerera kwemvura inogadzirwa kunze.

Mavharuvhu aya ane zvimwe zvinangwa zvakawanda, zvakaita sekurerutsira kumanikidzwa, kubaya makemikari, kutarisa michina yekuchengetedza, uye kupindirana kwemagetsi ekutonga masisitimu. Anowanzo shandiswa pamatsime emafuta epasi pegungwa ari mumapuratifomu ekunze uye mumatsime epamusoro. Izvi zvikamu zvakakosha pakuburitsa peturu, gasi rechisikigo, nezvimwe zviwanikwa zvemafuta zvakavigwa pasi pevhu, zvichipa nzvimbo dzekubatanidza zvinhu zvese zvetsime.

Mufananidzo uri pamusoro unoratidza Muti weKisimusi uri nyore une mavharuvhu mashanu, asi masisitimu chaiwo emavharuvhu eMuti weKisimusi anowanzo kuve akaomarara. Mavharuvhu mazhinji eMuti weKisimusi akagadzirwa nemaoko, zvichiita kuti zviome kutsanangura misimboti chaiyo yekushanda yemarudzi ese.

Vharuvhu Yepamusoro Yepasi

Vharuvhu Yepamusoro-soro ivharuvhu inoshandiswa kudzora kuyerera kwemvura kubva pamusoro petsime ichienda kumusangano wemuti. Kazhinji, inoshandiswa nemaoko uye inoramba iri mumamiriro akaganhurirwa, akavhurika zvishoma panguva yekugadzira.

Vharuvhu Yepamusoro Yepamusoro

Vharuvhu Yepamusoro Chishandiso chekuchengetedza chinoshandiswa kana Vharuvhu Yepamusoro Chikatadza kushanda kana panguva yekugadzirisa Muti weKisimusi. Kazhinji ivharuvhu inoshandiswa kure iyo inovhara yega kana yagamuchira chiratidzo chekuchengetedza kuti isapinda mumuti.

Vharuvhu yeMapapiro eKuuraya

Valve yeKill ndeimwe vharuvhu inoshandiswa nemaoko uye inoshanda senzvimbo yekubatanidza jekiseni. Mvura yakaita se corrosion inhibitors, methanol, uye mafomula emvura inogona kuiswa kuburikidza nevharuvhu iyi. Inozivikanwawo se side arm valves kana secondary wing valves.

Vharuvhu Yemapapiro Ekugadzira + Vharuvhu Yekuparadzanisa

Vharuvhu yeMapapiro eKugadzira inowanzo rongwa madhigirii zana nemakumi masere (180 degrees) yakatarisana neVharuvhu yeMapapiro eKill. Ichi chinhu chinoshanda chega chinoda kuti hydraulic pressure irambe yakavhurika. Munguva dzenjodzi kana kugadziriswa, inodzivirira jekiseni/kuyerera kwemvura mugomba uye inowanzo batanidzwa nechoke kuti idzore kuyerera kwemvura nekumanikidzwa mukati megomba. Choke iyi inoonekwa se "pombi" yekuyerera kwemafuta, zvichiita kuti kudzora kuyerera kwemvura kuve kwakakosha kune chikamu ichi.

Vharuvhu yeSwab + Chivharo neGauge

Vharuvhu yeSwab ndeimwe vharuvhu inoshandiswa nemaoko, inopa nzira yakatwasuka yekubuda mugomba. T-Cap ne pressure gauge zvinoshanda sezviratidzo zvinoonekwa zvekuti vharuvhu ripi rakavhurika; semuenzaniso, kana vharuvhu yekuuraya yakavhurika uye vharuvhu yeswab yakavharwa, pressure gauge inofanira kuverenga 0 psi (hapana pressure), nepo kana vharuvhu yekugadzira yakavhurika uye vharuvhu yeswab yakavhurikawo, pressure gauge inofanira kuratidza kukosha kwakatsanangurwa nemushandi wetsime. Inogona zvakare kusanganisira mavharuvhu edhijitari ekupisa uye mamwe masisitimu ekutarisa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti tsime rakachengeteka, sezvo mavharuvhu akawanda emaoko achisiya mukana wekukanganisa kwevanhu.

Pfupiso

Kusarudza vharuvhu yeMuti weKisimusi hakusi kungotenga rudzi kana saizi chaiyo chete. Mavharuvhu eMuti weKisimusi michina yakagadzirwa zvakanangana nedzimwe nzira dzese dziri mukushandiswa kwekuboorera, kusanganisira mapombi, masisitimu ekudzora, zvishandiso zvekuchengetedza, nezvimwe zvikamu zvetsime.

Musoro wetsime kana kuti Muti weKisimusi? Musiyano uripi?

Muindasitiri yemafuta negesi, mazwi ekuti "wellhead" uye "Christmas Tree" anowanzo shandiswa achichinjana. Zvisinei, wellhead neChristmas Tree zvishandiso zvakasiyana zvachose. Zvese zvakakosha pakugadzira mafuta negesi uye zvine mavharuvhu nezvimwe zvishandiso zvinobatsira kudzora nekutungamira kufamba kwezvinhu.

Musoro wetsime unodzora kumanikidzwa panguva yekuchera nekugadzira. Iri pamusoro petsime, pakati pebhokisi nepasi perig, inopa mukana wakachengeteka uye unodzorwa wekupinda mutsime riri kushanda. Musoro wetsime unotsigira bhokisi uye unopa zvisimbiso zvekumanikidza zvetambo yebhokisi. Panguva yekuchera, unotsigira Blowout Preventer (BOP); panguva yekupedzisa, unotsigira musoro wefrac; uye mushure mekupedza, unotsigira muti wekugadzira. Musoro wetsime unowanikwa panguva yekuchera, kupera, uye nguva yekugadzira.

Chinangwa chikuru cheMuti weKisimusi ndechekudzora kupinda nekubuda kwezvinhu (kazhinji mafuta kana gasi) kubva mutsime panguva yekugadzira. Mushure mekunge kuchera kwapera, Muti weKisimusi unotakurwa kuenda kunzvimbo yacho woiswa pamusoro petsime. Muti weKisimusi une mavharuvhu, mazamu, zvishandiso, uye chokes.

Musangano weKisimusi unowanzo gadzirwa une mavharuvhu mashanu, rimwe nerimwe riine basa rayo:

Vharuvhu Yekuuraya:Vharuvhu iyi inopinza mvura yakaita sedhiraini kana mvura ine munyu mugomba kuti idzore kumanikidzwa kwemvura. Inowanzoshandiswa panguva yekubatsira nekugadzirisa gomba kuti "riparadze" gomba, kureva, kudzora kumanikidzwa kwemvura uye kumisa kuyerera kwemvura.

Vharuvhu yeSwab:​Iri pamusoro peMuti weKisimusi, vharuvhu yeswab inopa mukana wekupinda mutsime kuti pave netambo dzemagetsi kana machubhu akakoshwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti pave nekupindira, kugadzirisa, kana kutema matanda pasina kuuraya tsime. Inoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirisa nekugadzirisa matambudziko.

Vharuvhu yeBapiro rekugadzira:Vharuvhu iyi inodzora kuyerera kwemafuta negesi kubva mutsime kuenda kunzvimbo dzekugadzira. Inogona kuvhurwa kana kuvharwa kutanga kana kumisa kugadzirwa uye inoshandiswawo kudzora kuyerera kwemafuta kuti ivandudze kugadzirwa kana kugadzirisa matambudziko angangoitika akadai sekugadzirwa kwejecha.

Vharuvhu Yepamusoro Yepamusoro:Vharuvhu Yepamusoro ndeimwe yemavharuvhu ekutanga anobvisa mafuta kubva mutsime. Inowanzo shandiswa panguva dzenjodzi kumisa mafuta negasi nekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira, zvichipa dziviriro yakakosha pakuchengetedza nekuchengetedza nharaunda.

Vharuvhu Yepamusoro Yezasi:Valvu reLower Master ndiro rimwe vharuvhu guru rekuparadzanisa, rinoshanda zvakafanana neUpper Master Valve. Rinoita kuti pave nevharuvhu yekuvharira iri mutsime kana Upper Master Valve ikakundikana chero chikonzero. Kuva neUpper Master Valve dzese dziri mbiri kunoita kuti vashandisi vave nekuchinjika kukuru uye matanho ekuchengetedza akawedzerwa.

Zvikamu izvi zvinoshanda pamwe chete kudzora kumanikidzwa, kudzora kuyerera kwemvura, uye kupa mukana wekupinda mutsime panguva yekupedzwa uye kugadzirwa. Zita racho rinobva pakufanana kwaro nemuti weKisimusi wakashongedzwa. Mudziyo uyu unokosha unoita basa rakakosha mukushanda kwegomba riri pasi, kubvisa kumanikidzwa, kubaya mishonga, kutarisa tsime, kuumbwa kwemvura uye mwero wayo, uye mhinduro yevharuvhu nenzvimbo dzakadzipwa.

Zvisimbiso zveS-Type neFS-Type Zvinoshandiswa Sei muWellheads neKisimusi Trees?

Zvisimbiso zveS-Type neFS-Type zvakagadzirwa neCDI zvine matsime ekudzivirira kupararira kwemvura akakodzera kushandiswa munzvimbo dzine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye tembiricha yakakura. Zvisimbiso zveS-Type neFS-Type zvinopa simba guru rekudzivirira kupararira kwemvura munzvimbo dzinoda kuvharwa kwemhepo yeHigh-Pressure High-Temperature (HPHT). Zvisimbiso zvedu zveS-Type zvinozivikanwa sezvinotsiva zveT-seals zvechinyakare zvine zvikamu zvitatu kana maO-rings ane back-ups. Zvisimbiso zvesimbi zvesimbi zvakabatanidzwa muzvinhu zve elastomeric sealing zvakagadzirwa zvakasiyana. Izvi zvinovagonesa kutsungirira mipata mikuru ye extrusion (kusvika 0.125 inches). Zvisimbiso zveFS-Type zvinoshandiswa mukushandiswa zvine mipata mikuru ye extrusion kana uko dhayamita yemidziyo ingave isingawirirane, zvichishanda seimwe nzira yeS-Type seals. Zvisimbiso zveFS-Type zvinosanganisa zvisimbiso zvesimbi zve girdle nezvinhu zve elastomeric sealing zvakagadzirwa zvakasiyana. Dhizaini iyi inogona kuvhara nzvimbo dzinoda kudzikamiswa kwechisimbiso chakakwirira kuti dzitsigire kusiyana kwemapaipi, macasing, kana zvikamu zve dhayamita hombe. Chisimbiso cheFS chisimbiso chemukati chedhayamita chine chikamu chakakora, chinoshandiswa pakuisa mipata yakakura uye nzvimbo dzakaomarara.

CDI inogadzira zvisimbiso zvemhando yepamusoro zveS-Type neFS-Type zvakagadzirwa nehunyanzvi uye zvemhando yepamusoro-soro muindasitiri ichishandisa zvinhu zveNitrile Rubber (NBR), Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubber (HNBR), uye Fluoroelastomer (FKM) kuti zvigutse zvinodiwa nevatengi, zvichivapa nekukurumidza mukati menguva yavo yese yebhizinesi.

Muti weKisimusi kana kuti Musangano weWellhead?

Muti weKisimusi muunganidzwa wemavharuvhu, mazamu, uye zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa pakuisa mafuta, matsime egasi, matsime ekuisa mvura, matsime ekurasa marara, matsime ekuisa gasi, matsime ekuisa condensate, nedzimwe mhando dzematsime. Unowana zita rawo nekuda kwekufanana kwawo nemuti weKisimusi wakashongedzwa.

Kazhinji, mazwi ekuti "wellhead" uye "Christmas Tree" anoshandiswa achichinjana; zvisinei, zvishandiso zvakasiyana zvachose. Kuti ushandise Muti weKisimusi, wellhead inofanira kunge iripo; zvisinei, wellhead inogona kunge iripo isina Muti weKisimusi panguva yekuchera. Kugadzira matsime epamusoro anoda mapombi (mayuniti ekupomba, madhongi anogutsurira, nezvimwewo) kazhinji haashandisi Muti weKisimusi nekuti hapana chinodiwa chekuvhara pressure.

Mumakumi emakore apfuura, kuoma kwezvishandiso zvemiti kwakawedzera. Zvinowanzogadzirwa kubva musimbi dzine mavharuvhu akawanda pane kuti zviunganidzwe kubva muvharuvhu dzakawanda dzakapfava.

Basa guru remuti nderekudzora kupinda kana kubuda kwemvura, kazhinji mafuta kana gasi.

Miti yeKisimusi inowanzopa mamwe mabasa akasiyana-siyana, anosanganisira nzvimbo dzekuisa mishonga, nzira dzekushandisa pakuburitsa maburi, nzira dzekubvisa kumanikidzwa (senge kuburitsa mweya), uye nzvimbo dzekubatanidza pakutarisa miti netsime (semuenzaniso, kubatana kwemidziyo inoyera kumanikidzwa, tembiricha, ngura, kukurwa kwevhu, kuona jecha, kuyerera, kuumbwa kwemvura, vharuvhu uye nzvimbo yekudhonzwa, Downhole Pressure and Temperature Sensors (DHPT), nezvimwewo).

Chinangwa cheWellhead Assembly ndechei?

Mukugadzira matsime, makemikari, maalcohols, kana mapetroleum distillates anogona kuiswa kuti adzivise uye/kana kugadzirisa matambudziko ekugadzira (akadai sekuvharika). Musanganiswa wemusoro wetsime unoshandiswawo kudzora kupinza gasi kana kupinza mvura mumatsime ekugadzira kana asingaburitse mvura kuchengetedza huwandu hwe "kugadzirwa" kwehupfumi hwemamwe matsime ari munzvimbo iyi (nzvimbo yemafuta). Sisitimu yekudzora yakabatana nemubatanidzwa wemusoro wetsime inodzora Downhole Safety Valve (SCSSV), nepo musanganiswa wemusoro wetsime uchishanda sechinobatanidza uye nzira pakati pesystem yekudzora neSCSSV.

Sezvamunoona, kunyangwe pamufananidzo uyu wemuti weKisimusi, kune mavharuvhu mashanu. Aya ndiwo Choke Wing Valve, Swab Valve, Production Wing Valve, Upper Master Valve, uye Lower Master Valve. Kana vashandi, tsime, nenzvimbo dzagadzirira kugadzira nekugamuchira mafuta kana gasi, mavharuvhu anovhurika, zvichiita kuti mvura yekugadzirwa ipinde nepakati pemapaipi. Kunzwisisa nzvimbo yemavharuvhu aya nebasa rawo mukutakura gasi rechisikigo kubva mutsime kuenda kumutengi kwakakosha.

Tsanangudzo dzeZvikamu

Mavharuvhu maviri epasi anonzi Master Valve (Ekumusoro neEzasi) nekuti ari munzira yekuyerera kwemvura inofanira kupfuura nemvura yemutsime kuti isvike pamusoro.

Vharuvhu Yepamusoro-soro inowanzo shandiswa nemaoko, nepo Vharuvhu Yepamusoro-soro ichiwanzo shandiswa ne hydraulic.

Mavharuvhu emapapiro eHydraulic Christmas Tree anowanzo gadzirwa seakavharwa zvisina njodzi, zvichireva kuti anoda kumanikidzwa kwehydraulic nguva dzose kuti arambe akavhurika.

Vharuvhu iri kurudyi inowanzonzi Vharuvhu yeMapapiro Ekugadzira kana Vharuvhu yeMapapiro Ekufamba, sezvo iri munzira yekuyerera inoenda kunzvimbo dzekugadzira.

Vharuvhu iri kuruboshwe inowanzonzi Vharuvhu yeMapapiro eChoke. Inonyanya kushandiswa kubaya mvura dzakadai sedzinodzivirira ngura kana methanol kudzivirira kuumbwa kwemvura.

Vharuvhu yepamusoro inonzi Swab Valve, iri munzira inoshandiswa pakuita mabasa ekudzikisa maburi akadai sewaya uye machubhu akakoshwa. "Choke" chishandiso chinogona kugadziriswa kana kugadziriswa, chinoshandiswa ku:

Kudzora kuyerera kwegasi, iro rinozivikanwawo sehuwandu; kana

Kugadzira kumanikidzwa kwemusana, kunozivikanwawo se backpressure.

Tinovimba kuti izvi zvichakubatsira kunzwisisa musiyano uripo pakati pemusoro wetsime nemuti weKisimusi. Zvisinei, kana muine mibvunzo, ndapota musazeza kutibata.

Bata: Jessie Zhou

Nharembozha/Whatsapp:+0086-18109206861

Email: energy@landrilltools.com