Zvishandiso gumi zvepamusoro zvekupedzisa matsime

Mhando dzezvishandiso zvepasi pevhu zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira mafuta ari kunze kwenyika dzinosanganisira: Packer, SSSV, Sliding Sleev, (Nipple), Side Pocket Mandrel, Seating Nipple, Flow Coupling, Blast joint, Test Valve, Drain Valve, Mandrel, Plug, nezvimwewo.

1. Vapakiri

Chigadziko chekugadzira ndiro chimwe chezvishandiso zvinonyanya kukosha mukugadzira, uye mabasa aro makuru ndeaya anotevera:

Gadzira zvikamu zvekugadzira kuti udzivise kusangana uye kupindirana kwemvura uye kumanikidzwa pakati pezvikamu;

Kupatsanurwa kwemvura inouraya uye mvura yekugadzira;

Kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzira mafuta (gasi) uye mashandiro ekushanda;

Chengeta mvura yemupaketi mu casing annulus kuchengetedza casing uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti yakagadzirwa zvakanaka.

Mapakeji anoshandiswa mukugadzira mafuta (gas) mumunda wekunze kwenyika anogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: anogona kutorwa uye anogara aripo, uye zvichienderana nenzira yekuisa, anogona kukamurwa kuita hydraulic setting, mechanical setting uye cable setting. Mapakeji anogona kukamurwa kuita mhando dzakasiyana, uye sarudzo yakakodzera inofanira kuitwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo zvekugadzira. Zvikamu zvakakosha zvepakeji maslip nerabha, uye mamwe mapakeji haana maslip (mapakeji emvura yakavhurika). Kune mhando dzakawanda dzemapakeji, basa guru nderekutsigira pakati pemaslip necasing uye kuvhara pakati pemaslip necasing kuti avhare nzvimbo yakati.

2.Vharuvhu yekuchengetedza pasi

Vharuvhu yekuchengetedza gomba rinobururuka mudziyo wekutonga kuyerera kwemvura mugomba kusina kujairika, zvakaita semoto papuratifomu yekugadzira mafuta ari kunze kwegungwa, kuputika kwepaipi, kuputika kwemvura, gomba remafuta risingadzoreki rinokonzerwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika, nezvimwewo, kuitira kuti vharuvhu yekuchengetedza gomba rinobururuka ivharwe yega kuti mvura iri mugomba idzoke.

1) Kupatsanurwa kwemavharuvhu ekuchengetedza:

• Vharuvhu yekuchengetedza inodzoserwa newaya yesimbi
• Vharuvhu yekuchengetedza inotakurika yepombi yemafuta
• Vharuvhu yekuchengetedza yeannulus. Vharuvhu yekuchengetedza inonyanya kushandiswa ivharuvhu yekuchengetedza inotakurika yechubhu.

2) Nheyo yekuita

Kana yadzvanywa nepasi, oiri ye hydraulic inoendeswa kugomba rekutenderera kwepressure kuenda ku piston kuburikidza ne pressure hydraulic control pipeline, ichisundira piston pasi uye ichidzvanya spring, uye flap valve inovhurwa. Kana hydraulic control pressure ikaramba iripo, safety valve iri mu open state; release. Pressure ye hydraulic control line inosundidzirwa kumusoro ne spring tension kuti piston iendeswe kumusoro, uye valve plate iri mu closed state.

3. Chifukidziro chinotsvedza

1) Chibato chinotsvedza chinogona kuvhara kana kubatanidza kubatana kuripo pakati petambo yekugadzira nenzvimbo inotenderera kuburikidza nekushandira pamwe pakati pemaoko emukati neekunze. Mabasa aro makuru ndeaya anotevera:

• Kukonzera kuvhuvhuta mushure mekupedza tsime;
• Kupararira kweropa kunouraya;
• Kusimudza gasi
• Pombi yejeti yekugara
• Matsime ane zvidimbu zvakasiyana-siyana anogona kushandiswa pakugadzira zvakasiyana, kuyedza zvidimbu zvakasiyana-siyana, kupinza zvidimbu zvakasiyana-siyana, nezvimwewo;
• Kuchera migodhi yakasanganiswa ine mativi akawanda;
• Isa chivhariso mugomba kuti uvhare gomba kana kuti uedze kumanikidzwa kwechubhu;
• Mushonga wemakemikari unorwisa ngura, nezvimwewo.

2) Nheyo yekushanda

Sleeve inotsvedza inovhara kana kubatanidza nzira iri pakati pepombi yemafuta nenzvimbo yeannular nekufambisa sleeve yemukati. Kana nzira yesleeve yemukati yakatarisana nepassage yemuviri wesleeve inotsvedza, slideway inenge yakavhurika. Kana zviviri izvi zvakatatamuka, sleeve inotsvedza inovharwa. Pane cylinder inoshanda pamusoro pesleeve inotsvedza, iyo inoshandiswa kugadzirisa mudziyo wekudzora kuyerera kwegomba repasi une chekuita nesleeve inotsvedza. Pane sealing end surface pamativi ekumusoro neapasi esleeve yemukati, iyo inogona kushanda pamwe nekurongedza sealing yemudziyo wegomba repasi kuti uvhare. Batanidza chishandiso chesleeve chinotsvedza pasi petambo yesimbi, uye ita mashandiro esimbi. Sleeve inotsvedza inogona kubatidzwa nekudzima. Vamwe vavo vanoda kutsvedza pasi kuti vafambise sleeve pasi kuti vavhure sleeve inotsvedza, nepo vamwe vachida kutsvedza kumusoro kuti vagadzire mukati. Sleeve inokwira kumusoro kuti ivhure sleeve inotsvedza.

4.Nipple

1) Kupatsanura uye kushandisa Nipple inoshanda

Kupatsanurwa kweNipples:

(1) Zvichienderana nenzira yekugadzika: kune mhando nhatu: selictivity, Top NO-GO uye Bottom NO-GO, sezvakaratidzwa muMifananidzo a, b, na c.

Mamwe mandrel anogona kuva nerudzi rwekusarudza uye rwepamusoro (sezvinoratidzwa paMufananidzo b). Rudzi rwekusarudza runoreva kuti dhayamita yemukati ye mandrel haina chikamu chekuderedza dhayamita, uye saizi yakafanana yechishandiso chekugadzika inogona kupfuura nepakati payo, saka mandrel akawanda ehukuru hwakafanana anogona kudzikiswa mutambo yepombi imwe chete, uye kumira kwepamusoro kunoreva kuti dhayamita yemukati ye mandrel yakavharwa iri. Pamusoro pechivharo chine nhanho inofamba pachikamu chedhayamita yakaderedzwa chinoshanda pamusoro, nepo chikamu chedhayamita yakaderedzwa chechivharo chepasi chiri pasi, chikamu chekuvhara chepuragi hachigone kupfuura nepakati, uye chivharo chiri pasi chinowanzoiswa pasi petambo yepombi imwe chete. Sechivharo chemidziyo uye kudzivirira waya dzezvishandiso kuti dzisawire pasi petsime.

(2) Zvichienderana nekumanikidzwa kuri kushanda: kune kumanikidzwa kwakajairika uye kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, yekutanga inoshandiswa kumatsime echinyakare, uye yekupedzisira inoshandiswa kumatsime emafuta negesi ane pressure yakanyanya.

Kushandiswa kweMinyatso:

• Gara mujammer.
• Gara pasi pevhu kuti udzore vharuvhu yekuchengetedza yega.
• Gara muvharuvhu yekutarisa.

Shandisa chinhu chinobvisa tsinga (choke nozzle) kuderedza kumanikidzwa kwemusoro wetsime.

• Shandisa pamwe chete ne Polished Nipple, isa sleeve yekuparadzanisa kana pup joint, gadzirisa pombi yemafuta yakakuvara kana pombi yakakora iri pedyo ne oil layer.
• Gara pasi worembedza zvishandiso zvekuyeresa.
• Zvinogona kudzivirira tambo yemudziyo kuti isadonhe pasi pegomba panguva yekushanda kwetambo dzemagetsi.

5. Mandrel yemuhomwe yepadivi

1) Magadzirirwo ebasa

Mandrel yeSide Pocket ndeimwe yezvishandiso zvakakosha zvekugadzira tsime. Inosanganiswa nemavharuvhu akasiyana-siyana ekusimudza gasi kuti iite nzira dzakasiyana dzekusimudza gasi, kushandisa maburi emvura ane saizi dzakasiyana, uye kuisa jekiseni rakaiswa layered. Chimiro chayo chinoratidzwa mumufananidzo, chine zvikamu zviviri, pombi yehwaro nesirinda risingachinji, saizi yepombi yehwaro yakafanana neyepombi yemafuta, chikamu chepamusoro chine sleeve yekumisa, uye sirinda risingachinji rine musoro wekuziva zvishandiso, gomba rinokiya, sirinda rinovhara uye gomba rekutaurirana rekunze.

2) Zvimiro zveSide Pocket Mandrel:

Kuisa: Gadzira marudzi ese ezvishandiso zvepasi kuti zvive zvisina kujairika uye zvienderane nemazvo mubhare repasi.

Kuzivikanwa: Zvishandiso zvepaburi repasi zvehukuru hwakakodzera zvinopinzwa mugomba risingawanzoonekwi, nepo zvimwe zvishandiso zvakakura zvichipfuura nepapombi yepasi.

Kumanikidzwa kukuru kwekuyedza kunobvumidzwa.

2) Basa reSide Pocket Mandrel: kusimudza gasi, kubaya makemikari, kubaya mvura, kuuraya kutenderera kweropa, nezvimwewo.

6. Chivharo

Kana pasina vharuvhu yekuchengetedza iri pasi pegomba kana vharuvhu yekuchengetedza ikakundikana, waya yesimbi inoshanda, uye chivharo chehukuru hwakaenzana chinodzikiswa musirindiri yekushanda kuti chivhare tsime. Kuedzwa kwekumanikidzwa kwemachubhu uye kuiswa kwema hydraulic packers panguva yekupedzwa kwetsime kana kushanda pamusoro paro.

7. Vharuvhu yekusimudza gasi

Vharuvhu yekusimudza gasi inodzikiswa mu cylinder inoshanda isina kujairika, iyo inogona kuita nzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzira kusimudza gasi, dzakadai sekusimudza gasi nguva dzose kana kusimudza gasi nguva nenguva.

8. Kuyerera kwemvura

Kuyerera kwemvura inoyerera chaizvoizvo ipombi yakakora, ine dhayamita yemukati yakafanana neyepombi yemafuta, asi dhayamita yekunze yakakura zvishoma, uye inowanzo shandiswa kumagumo epamusoro nepazasi evharuvhu yekuchengetedza. Kune matsime emafuta negesi anobereka zvakawanda, matsime emafuta ane simba guru anogona kusarudza kushandisa kana kusashandisa. Kana gasi remafuta rinobereka zvakawanda richipfuura nepavharuvhu yekuchengetedza, rinokonzeresa kupwanyika nekuda kwekudzikira kwedhayamita, zvichikonzera kudonha kwemvura uye kupera kwemagumo ayo epamusoro nepazasi.

9. Vharuvhu yekudhonza mafuta

Vharuvhu yekudhonza mafuta inowanzoiswa pamapaipi emafuta 1-2 pamusoro pevharuvhu yekuchekerera. Ndiyo nzvimbo inoburitsa mvura iri mupaipi yemafuta kana pombi yekuongorora pombi yasimudzwa, kuitira kuderedza mutoro werig yekushandira uye kudzivirira mvura yetsime kuti isasvibise deki repuratifomu nenzvimbo. Pari zvino kune mhando mbiri dzevharuvhu dzekudhonza mafuta: dhara rekukanda tsvimbo uye dhara rehydraulic rekukanda bhora. Yekutanga yakakodzera zvakanyanya kune matsime emafuta matete uye mafuta anorema ane mvura yakawanda; yekupedzisira inoshandiswa kune matsime emafuta anorema ane mvura shoma uye ine mwero wekubudirira kwakanyanya.

10. Chikwenya mapaipi

1) Chinangwa: Inoshandiswa kubvisa simende, simende, wakisi yakaoma, makristaro akasiyana-siyana emunyu kana zvinhu zvakasara, maburi anoboora uye iron oxide nedzimwe tsvina dzasara pamadziro emukati mekesi, uye kusvika kune zvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana zvemugodhi usingadzivirirwe. Kunyanya kana nzvimbo iri pakati pekesi nedhayamita yemukati mekesi iri diki, danho rinotevera rekuvaka rinofanira kuitwa mushure mekukwesha zvakakwana.

2) Maumbirwo: Inoumbwa nemuviri, ndiro yebanga, bhokisi rakagadzika, bhokisi rekudzvanya nezvimwe zvikamu.

3) Nheyo yekushanda: usati wapinda mugomba, saizi yepamusoro yekuiswa kwechidimbu chikuru chemuchina wekukwenya yakakura kupfuura dhayamita yemukati memuchina. Mushure mekupinda mugomba, banga rinomanikidzwa kudzvanya pasi pechitubu, uye chitubu chinopa simba rekudyisa radial. Pakukwenya zvinhu zvakaoma, zvinotora makwenya akati wandei kuti ukwenye kusvika padhayamita yemukati memuchina. Muchina wekukwenya wakabatana nemucheto wezasi wetambo yepombi yegomba repasi, uye kufamba kumusoro nekudzika kwetambo yepombi ndiko kudyisa kweaxial panguva yekurembera pasi.

Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva pachimiro chebanga kuti banga rega rega rine mipendero miviri yekucheka yakaita searc mukati nekunze. Kukwesha. Mabanga akaita sestrip akapararira zvakaenzana pamusoro pechikwesha zvichienderana nemutsara wekuruboshwe, izvo zvinobatsira matope ekumusoro anodzoka kubvisa marara akakweshwa.