Zvishandiso Zvinokosha zveDownhole: Gwaro Rakazara reKupatsanura neKushandisa Roller Cone Bits neDiamond Bits

01 Roller Cone Bits: Zvishandiso Zvinoshandiswa Pakuchinja Maitiro

Kubva pakatanga kushandiswa muna 1909, mabhiti eroller cone ave ari mhando yemabhiti anonyanya kushandiswa pakuboorera bhora. Dhizaini yavo yakasiyana yemabhiti akawanda inovabvumira kuchinjika mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana ekuumbwa, kubva pakapfava kusvika pakaoma zvakanyanya.

Kuumbwa kweMaumbirwo uye Matekinoroji Epakati

Chidimbu chekoni inotenderera chine zvikamu zvishanu zvepakati:

• Muviri weChidimbu: Makumbo matatu ekoni akabatana, netambo dzekubatanidza pamusoro.
• Makone eRoller: Matumbu esimbi ane denderedzwa resimbi ane mazino akakuyiwa kana mazino anoiswa pamusoro.
• Sisitimu yeBearing: Ine maseti mana emabearing: hombe, yepakati, diki, uye mabearing ekupinza.
• Manozzle: Kazhinji 3-4 muhuwandu, ane dhayamita ye7-14 mm.
• Sisitimu Yokuchengetera Mafuta Uye Kuvhara: Mhete dzesimbi kana rabha dzakasanganiswa nemidziyo yekusimbisa kumanikidzwa.

Pakati peizvi, tekinoroji yekuvharira mabheya inomiririra budiriro huru yetekinoroji yemabhiti eroller cone. Mabhiti emazuva ano anoshandisa sisitimu yekuchengetera mafuta ekumanikidza, iyo inochengetedza kuenzana kuri pakati pekumanikidzwa kwemafuta mubearing cavity nekumanikidzwa kwemvura yekubhoborera pasi kuburikidza nezvinhu zvakaita semaburi ekutenderera kwepressure, diaphragms yekumanikidza, uye makapu emafuta.

Sisitimu yekupatsanura uye IADC Coding

Sangano reInternational Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC) rakagadzira mwero wepasi rose wekubatanidza ma roller cone bits, richishandisa sisitimu yekunyora makodhi ine manhamba matatu:

Nhamba yekutanga: Rudzi rwezino uye maumbirwo aro

1: Mazino akakuyiwa, maumbirwo akapfava

2: Mazino akakuyiwa, akaomarara pakati nepakati kusvika pakati

3: Mazino akakuyiwa, maumbirwo akaomarara uye anokwenya

5: Isa mazino, akapfava kusvika pakati nepakati

6: Isa mazino, maumbirwo akaomarara ari pakati nepakati

7: Isa mazino, maumbirwo akaomarara uye anokwenya

8: Isa mazino, akaomarara zvakanyanya uye anokwenya zvakanyanya

Nhamba Yechipiri: Kupatsanurwa kwekuoma kwechimiro (Giredhi 1-4; nhamba dzakakwira dzinoratidza maumbirwo akaomarara)

Dhijitari Yechitatu: Hunhu hwechimiro cheBit

4: Mabheyaringi eroller akavharwa

6: Mabheyaringi anotsvedza akavharwa

7: Mabheringi anotsvedza akavharwa + dziviriro yekuisa geji

8: Kubvisa mabhiti ekuchera akananga

Sisitimu Yakarerutswa yeIADC yeRoller Cone Bits

Maitiro Ekuputsa Dombo uye Maitiro Ekufamba

Munguva yekushanda, roller cone bit inoratidza mhando nhatu dzekufamba kwakabatana:

• Chimurenga: Makoni anotenderera newachi pamwe chete nechikamu chose.
• Kutenderera: Mazino anotenderera achipesana newachi akatenderedza kona yekona.
• Kutsvedza: Kusanganisira kutsvedza kwe radial ne tangential.

Kufamba uku kwakabatana kunoita kuti pave nemhedzisiro mbiri yekupwanya dombo:

1.Kupwanya Mazino: Kuchinjana kwekubata mazino rimwe chete nemazino maviri neburi repasi kunoita kuti pave nekuzunguzika kwenguva refu, zvichiita kuti pave nekukuvadzwa.

2.Kuchekerera Kunotsvedza: Kuchekerera matombo kunowanikwa kuburikidza nekugadzira zvivakwa zvinorembera, zvidimbu zviviri, uye zvivakwa zvekunze.

Maitiro Ekusarudza uye Kufananidza Kuumbwa 

Nheyo huru dzekusarudza mabhiti e roller cone zvichibva pahunhu hwematombo:

• Maumbirwo Akapfava: Sarudza zvidimbu zvine magadzirirwo ekunze, akarembera, uye ane macone maviri, ane mazino marefu, akafara, uye asina kugayiwa kana kuti akapinza.
• Magadzirirwo Akaoma Pakati Nepakati: Deredza kukosha kwe offset, overhang, uye double cone; shandisa mazino mapfupi, matete, uye akakora.
• Maitiro Akaoma Uye Anokanganisa: Shandisa maroller e-single-cone asina overhang kana offset, ane mazino ebhora kana mazino ebhora reconical.
• Maitiro Anogona Kuchinja-chinja: Sarudza zvidimbu zvemazino mapfupi zvisina kana zvidimbu zvidiki, uye zvisina mazino ekudzivirira.
• Magadzirirwo Akapfava Neakaoma: Sarudza mhando dzemabhiti zvichibva padombo rakaoma, uye gadzirisa maparamita panguva yekuboora.

Mhinduro kuMamiriro Ekushanda Akakosha

• Maborehole Madiki (<177 mm): Shandisa mabhiti ekone ane roller imwe chete, ane makone makuru, mazino, uye mabheyaringi kuti uve nesimba rakawanda.
• Kuboorera Kwakanangana: Sarudza mabhiti akakosha ekutsausa ane nhamba yechitatu yekodhi yeIADC iri 8. 

02 Mabhiti eDaimondi: Zvishandiso Zvine Simba zveMagadzirirwo Akaoma 

Sezvo iri chinhu chakaoma kupfuura zvose, dhaimani ine kuomarara kweMohs kweGiredhi 10, simba rekudzvanya rinosvika 8800 MPa, uye inodzivirira kupera simba kakapetwa ka9000 pane simbi. Ichishandisa hunhu uhwu, zvidimbu zvedhaimani zvave chishandiso chikuru chekugadzirisa mafomu akaomarara.

Sisitimu yekupatsanura uye Kushanduka kweTekinoroji

Zvidimbu zvemadhaimani zvemazuva ano zvinonyanya kukamurwa kuita mhando nhatu:

1.Zvidimbu zveMadhaimani Zvakaiswa Pamusoro

• Zvidimbu zvedhaimani zvinoonekwa pamusoro pematrix.
• Yakakodzera kuumbwa kwepakati nepakati kusvika kwakaoma.
• Kurongwa kwehukuru hwedhaimani:
• Maumbirwo akapfava: tsanga mbiri pa carat (gpc) (hukuru hwezvikamu hunenge 4 mm)
• Maumbirwo akaomarara ari pakati nepakati: 3-4 gpc (saizi yezvikamu inenge 3.6 mm)
• Maumbirwo akaomarara: 10-15 gpc (saizi yezvimedu inenge 2.0 mm)

2.Zvidimbu zveMadhaimani Zvakaiswa Mudumbu

• Madhaimani anoiswa mukati me matrix (60-400 gpc).
• Yakakodzera mafomu akaomarara uye anokwesha (semuenzaniso, flint, siliceous dolomite).
• Kuzvirodza kwedhaimani kunowanikwa kuburikidza nekupfekwa kwematrix.

3.PDC Bits (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Bits)

• Yakatangwa kekutanga neGeneral Electric (GE) yeUnited States muna 1973.
• Chimiro chakabatana: Dhaimondi layer + carbide substrate yakagadzirwa nesimende.
• Yakakodzera kuumbwa kwakafanana kwakapfava kusvika pakati nepakati.

Dhizaini yeZvivakwa uye MaParameters Akakosha

Zvidimbu zvedhaimani zvinoshandisa dhizaini yakakosha isina zvikamu zvinofamba, zvinosanganisira:

• Muviri weSimbi: Yakagadzirwa nesimbi ine kabhoni iri pakati nepakati, ine tambo dzekubatanidza pamusoro.
• Matrix: Tungsten carbide powder + copper-based bonding metal, ine hardness grade yeHRC 30-45.
• Zvinhu zvekucheka: Madhaimani echisikigo/ekugadzira kana maPDC compacts.
• Maumbirwo eHydraulic: Nzira dzemvura uye nzira dzekuyerera (radial, spiral, nezvimwewo).

Magadzirirwo Akakosha Ekugadzira

• Kuwanda kwedhaimani: Kugadziriswa zvichibva pakuwanda kwekugadzira; kuwanda kwakanyanya kwekugadzira kunowedzera kuwanda.
• Kureba kweProtrusion:
• Maumbirwo akapfava: 1/3 yehukuru hwechinhu
• Maumbirwo akaomarara: 1/6-1/10 yehukuru hwezvikamu
• Chimiro chemiromo:
• Yakatsetseka pasi: Yekugadzira maumbirwo akafanana
• Yakakombama: Yekugadzira mafomu akaomarara
• Yakarungwa: Yekugadzira mafomu anorwadza

Maitiro Ekuputsa Dombo uye Mhinduro Yekuumbwa

Nzira yekupwanya matombo ezvidimbu zvedhaimani inosiyana zvichienderana nehunyanzvi hwekuumbwa:

Kuumbwa kwepurasitiki (semuenzaniso, matombo evhu, gypsum): Zvakafanana nemaitiro e "kurima"; madhaimani anopinda mukugadzirwa kwawo kuti aite kuti matombo afambe nepurasitiki.

Kuumbwa Kwakakombama (semuenzaniso, dombo rejecha re quartz): Makomba ekupwanya anoumbwa, ane saizi dzekucheka dzakapetwa kaviri kusvika kane kupfuura madhaimani, zvichikonzera kushanda zvakanaka.

Matombo Akaoma (semuenzaniso, flint, siliceous rock): Zvidimbu zvakaiswa mumushonga zvinoshandiswa, uye kupwanya matombo kunoitika kuburikidza nekucheka nekukwenya, zvakafanana nekukwenya mavhiri ekukuya.

Zvakanakira zvehunyanzvi uye zvipingamupinyi zvePDC Bits

Sechigadzirwa chinoshanduka-shanduka mumhuri yedhaimani, maPDC bits ane zvakanakira zvakasiyana:

Zvimiro zveMaumbirwo

Zvidimbu zvePDC zveSimbi: Simbi yepakati nepakati ine kabhoni inosimbisa pamusoro.

Matrix-Body PDC Bits: Muviri wesimbi yepamusoro + matrix yetungsten carbide yakaderera, zvichiita kuti pave nekushanda kuri nani.

Dhizaini yeProfile

Parabolic: Yekugadzira zvinyoro nyoro, zvichiita kuti bhora rionekwe zviri nyore uye kuti bhora rikwanise kubhoorwa.

Rakatenderera: Yekubhoorera tafura inotenderera, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kupinda mumabedhi akaomarara.

Koni: Yekubhoborera nekumhanya kukuru, ine simba rakanaka rekupinda.

Miganhu Yekushandisa

Hazvina kukodzera kugadzirwa kwematombo nematombo akaomarara akabatana.

Muganho wekudzivirira tembiricha (kupfekwa kunowedzera kupfuura 350℃; kutadza kushanda kunoitika pa700℃).

Kusakwanisa kubatwa zvakanaka; kuchekwa kwezvidimbu zvitsva mumucheto kunowanzoitika.

Tafura Yekuenzanisa Yemaumbirwo Anoshanda eDiamondi Bits

03 Gwaro reSainzi reSarudzo: Kufananidza Maumbirwo uye Zvinodiwa zveMashandiro

Mitemo Yegoridhe Yekusarudza Roller Cone Bit

Kufananidza Kuoma Kwemaumbirwo

Maumbirwo akapfava: Sarudza zvidimbu zvine madziro akareba, akarembera, uye ane makona maviri, ane mazino akaita sewedge kana kuti akaita sechipunu.

Maumbirwo akaomarara: Tora maumbirwo ane koni imwe chete, asingapindi, ane mazino ebhora kana mazino ane koni.

Mhinduro kuAbrasiveness

Pakugadzira zvidimbu zvinokwenya, shandisa zvimedu zvine mazino ekudzivirira.

Kana mazino ekunze akatenderera asi epakati asinganyanyi kupera, chikamu chinotevera chinofanira kugadzirwa nekudzivirira kwakasimba kwemazino.

Matanho Ekudzivirira Mamiriro Ekushanda Akakosha

Kuumbwa kunokurumidza kutsauka: Sarudza zvidimbu zvemazino mapfupi zvisina kukanganiswa kana kuderedzwa kudiki; kuchinjika kwekugadzirwa kunofanira kunge kwakapfava zvishoma pane kuumbwa chaiko.

Magadzirirwo akapfava-akaoma: Sarudza mabhiti zvichibva padombo rakaoma, uye gadzirisa maparamita panguva yekuboora.

Kuboora zvidimbu zvematsime akadzika: Shandisa zvidimbu zvine footage yakawanda kuti uvhare kurasikirwa nenguva.

Nzira yekusarudza madhaimani

Mamiriro Anoshanda ePDC Bits

Mamiriro akanaka: Maumbirwo akareba akaenzana, akapfava kusvika pakati nepakati (semuenzaniso, shale, mudstone, gypsum).

Zviitiko zvinorambidzwa: Kuumbwa kwematombo, mibhedha yematombo akapfava, kuumbwa kwakaoma-kwakapfava kwakasanganiswa.

Kugadzika kweparameter: WOB yakaderera (30-60 kN), RPM yakakwira (100-300 rpm), kuyerera kwakanyanya.

Mamiriro Anoshanda eMabhiti eDaimondi Echisikigo/Akagadzirwa

Maumbirwo akaomarara kusvika akaomarara (semuenzaniso, granite, quartz sandstone).

Maumbirwo anokwesha zvakanyanya (semuenzaniso, flint, siliceous dolomite).

Kuchera turbine, matsime akadzika/akadzika zvakanyanya, uye mabasa ekukomba matombo.

Zvinodiwa Zvakakosha zveCore Bits

Mabhiti epakati pekoni inotenderera: Koni ine maroller mana (conical/cylindrical) kana kuti koni ine maroller matanhatu (yakazara secylindrical).

Zvidimbu zvemadhaimani: Zvinoda mipendero yekucheka yakapararira zvakaenzana uye inoramba kupfeka nguva dzose.

Chiratidzo chikuru: Kubatana pakati pegomba remukati nedenderedzwa rekunze kudzivirira kutenderera kwepakati.

Kutonga uye Kubata Downhole Anomaly

Kuzivikanwa kweRoller Cone Bit yekushanda

Kukuvadzwa kweBheari: Kuzununguka kwetafura inotenderera nguva nenguva, kuchiipa kana WOB yakakwira, mwero wekuboorwa wakaderera asi kumanikidzwa kwepombi kwakajairika.

Kurasikirwa neCone: Kuboorwa kwakanyanya, kuchinja-chinja kwechiratidzo chehuremu, kuchinja kwehudzamu hwekudhonza tambo yekuboorwa.

Kupera Kwemazino: Kuderedzwa kwemutoro wetafura inotenderera, hapana kuzununguka, kudzikira kukuru kwehuwandu hwekuboorwa.

Mashandisirwo Ezvinhu Zvisina Kunaka Pakushandisa Madhaimani

Buri repasi rinofanira kucheneswa usati waisa gomba pasi kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti hapana tsvina yesimbi inosara.

Tanga kuboora neWOB diki uye RPM yakaderera kuti "upinde" (0.5 m yekudzikamisa gomba repasi).

Dzivisai kuita zvinhu zvisina kurongeka; kana zvichidikanwa, shandisai WOB yakaderera uye RPM yakaderera kuti muite zvinhu zvakafanana.

Bata nesu:Jessie Zhou
Nharembozha/Whatsapp:+0086-18109206861
Webhu:www.landrilltools.com