Maitiro Ekudzivirira Kunamatira kweTambo Yekuboorera (Kurasikirwa neHuremu paBit) muBooring？

Izwi rekuti "kurema kwakaderera pachidimbu" (LWB) rinoreva mamiriro ezvinhu panguva yekuboorera apo uremu hwakagadzirwa pachidimbu (WOB) hunotadza kushanda pachidimbu chekuboorera. Asi, nekuda kwekukweshana kwakanyanya pakati petambo yekuboorera pasi nemadziro emugodhi, huremu hwese hunoshandiswa hunotorwa netambo yekuboorera.

Pakushandisa WOB, wellbore shrinkage inowanzoita kuti huremu hushande zvizere patambo yekuboorerakana kuti zvinosimbisa. Izvi zvinoda kushandiswa kwehuremu nguva dzose, asi simba rekumanikidza retambo yekuboorera rinofanira kufungwa nezvaro. Kuwedzera kwehuremu kwega kwega kunogona kukonzera kufamba kudiki kwetambo yekuboorera; kushandiswa kwehuremu kwakadzokororwa kunobvumira tambo yekuboorera kufamba kupfuura chikamu chebore rakatetepa. Panguva iyo tambo yekuboorera inobuda muchikamu chino, chidimbu chekuboorera chinokurumidza kubata pasi pebore. Sezvo WOB panguva ino yakakwira kupfuura iyo yekuboorera kwakajairika, chidimbu chinopinda zvakadzika, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kamwe kamwe kwe torque. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuti tafura inotenderera kana top drive imire. Kana kumira kukaitika, usasimudze tambo yekuboorera kamwe kamwe—sunungura torque kutanga. Kuboorera kwakajairika kunogona kutangwazve mushure mekugadzirisa kwakadzokororwa.

Kurasikirwa nehuremu pa bit kunowanzoitika mune zvinotevera: kucherwa kwe vertical wells ne directional ne back-reaming kana directional wells ne multiple back-reaming operations, window milling uye sidetracking directional drilling, uye horizontal well directional drilling. Nekuda kwe wellbore trajectory uye zvakasiyana-siyana resistance factors, zvinonetsa kuti pressure inoshandiswa pa drill string iendeswe ku drill bit. Kubva ku comprehensive mud logging instruments uye huremu indicators, izvi zvinoratidzwa se: nzvimbo ye drill bit inoramba isina kuchinja uye hapana footage inowanikwa pasinei nekuwedzera kwe WOB; pombi pressure haikwire uye hapana pombi blocking inoitika. Zvisinei, kuwedzera kwe WOB kunogona kutungamira kuvharika kamwe kamwe kwepombi. Kune directional wells, kurasikirwa nehuremu pa bit hakungokanganisi mashandiro enguva dzose e directional asiwo kune njodzi yekubatwa kwepombi kana mashandiro asina kunaka.

1.Simbisa Wellbore Trajectory Control uye Gadzirisa Drill String Configuration

Kuti tigadzirise kurasikirwa nehuremu pachikamu chinokonzerwa nekufamba kusina kunaka kwenzvimbo yemvura, nzira huru yekugadzira ndeyekuvandudza kudzora nzira. Kune matsime ane makona akareba uye anosvika kure, kutonga kwakazara kunofanirwa kushandiswa kuchengetedza kutsauka kwenzvimbo yemvura neazimuth zvichienderana nedhizaini, kudzivirira kudzokera shure nekuda kwekutsauka kubva padhizaini.

Kana paine kurasikirwa nehuremu pa bit kunokonzerwa ne wellbore trajectory isina kunaka, mhinduro inoshanda zvikuru ndeyekurerutsa marongero e drill string: kuderedza huwandu hwe drill collars uye kuwedzera huwandu hwe heavy weight drill pipes (HWDP). Izvi zvinoderedza kuomarara kwe drill string, zvinoderedza nzvimbo yekubatana pakati pe drill string ne mud cake, uye zvinodzivirira kurasikirwa nehuremu pa bit ne differential sticking.

Kana paine kurasikirwa nehuremu pazvimedu zviri mumatsime akatambanuka, matanho anofanirwa kutariswa pakuchenesa matsime, mafuta ekuzora, uye nzira dzekushandisa mabhora.

2.Simbisa Kuchenesa

Kuvandudza kuchenesa kunosanganisira kuchenesa midziyo yemugodhi uye kuchenesa matope pamusoro uchishandisa michina yekudzora matope pamusoro.

Kuvandudza kugona kweMadhaka Kutakura Zvidimbu

Mumapurojekiti ekuchera achangobva kuitwa, maPDC bits pamwe chete nehunyanzvi hwemota dzinofambiswa nesimbi dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya, izvo zvinokurumidza kufamba uye zvinopwanya zvidimbu zvidiki-zvichikonzera matambudziko pakuchenesa tsime.

Zvinodiwa zveKutama kune Zvikamu Zvakasiyana zveWellbore:Pachikamu chetsime che φ311 mm, kuchinjika kunofanira kunge kwakakwirira kupfuura 3.4 m³/min; pachikamu chetsime che φ216 mm, chinofanira kunge chakakwirira kupfuura 1.1 m³/min.

Gadzirisa Maparamita Ezvekudya zveMud Zvichibva paDownhole Cuttings Return:Pakucherwa kwemvura yepolymer ine simba shoma, chiyero chepurasitiki chinoshanduka chinofanira kudzorwa pakati pe0.42 ne0.50 kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti kucheka kwacho kunoshanda zvakanaka. Nezvekusviba kwevhu uye simba rejeri, kusviba kwematsime anotungamira angle yepamusoro kunofanirwa kuchengetedzwa kupfuura masekondi makumi mana nemasere - kusviba kwakanyanya uye simba rejeri zvinobatsira kudzivirira kugadzika kwekucheka kwakamira.

Mune imwe purojekiti yekuchera, apo kutsauka kwetsime kwaive madhigirii 50–60, kuwedzerwa kwe organic positive gel kwakaderedza kusviba kwevhu kusvika kumasekonzi makumi mana nemaviri, zvichiita kuti zvidimbu zvegomba repasi zvisadzoke zvakanaka uye uremu hudzikire padiki panguva yekuchera nedivi. Mamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa egomba repasi akadzorerwa mushure mekuwedzera kusviba kwevhu kusvika kumasekonzi makumi mashanu.

Kune matsime ane kudzika kunodarika mamita 200–300, matsime akatambanuka anogona kudhonzwa kuchikamu chetsime nekutsauka kwemadhigirii 20–30. Muchimiro chetambo yekuboorera yekuchera zvakananga, nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemakorari ekuboorera dzinowanzo batanidzwa. Mumatsime matsva akaboorwa, kuvapo kwemakorari ekuboorera kunowedzera kumhanya kwekudzokera kwematope, saka mibhedha yekucheka inowanzogara mutsime rekare. Nokudaro, vamwe vashandi vekuboorera vanongodhonza chikamu chetsime chitsva chakaboorwa, izvo zvisina zvazvinobatsira pakuputsa mibhedha yekucheka.

3. Kuvandudza Kunyorova Kwemadhaka uye Hunhu hweKeke reMadhaka

Wedzera Kunhuhwirira Kwematope

Matanho chaiwo ekuvandudza kunyoroveswa kwevhu anosanganisira, chekutanga, kuwedzera huwandu hwemafuta anonyoroveswa uye, chechipiri, kushandisa musanganiswa wemafuta akasiyana-siyana.

Mukuchera nedivi, oiri isina kuchekwa inowanzo sanganiswa mumatope panguva yekushanda nedivi. Kunyangwe oiri isina kuchekwa ine mafuta akanaka, kuwedzerwa kwayo kunoderedza kunaka kwekeke rematope. Saka, mukuchera nedivi, oiri isina kuchekwa inofanira kushandiswa pamwe chete nemafuta anobva mumvura. Izvi hazvingogadzirisi dambudziko rekuzora mafuta chete asiwo zvinodzivirira makeke ematope akakora anokonzerwa nehuwandu hwakawanda hwemafuta asina kuchekwa.

Kukweshana kunotsvedza kunowedzera zvichienderana nekukweshana. Kuti izvi zviitike, matani angangoita 3-5 emafuta asina kucheneswa anogona kusanganiswa mumatope, huwandu hwemafuta asina kucheneswa husingapfuure 9-10%.

Kuvandudza Hunhu hweKeke reMadhaka

Kuti keke remudongo riwedzere kunaka, zvinhu zvakaita seasphalt ine sulfonated uye phenolic resin zvinogona kuwedzerwa. Keke remudongo remhando yepamusoro rinoderedza njodzi yekunamira kwakasiyana kunokonzerwa nekurasikirwa nehuremu pa bit.

Pamusoro pemafuta emvura, mafuta akasimba uye mafuta anodzvinyirira zvakanyanya anoshandawo mukuderedza uremu hunorasika pachidimbu. Kana uremu hunorasika pachidimbu hukaitika panguva yekuboorera zvakananga muzvikamu zvakaoma, kuwedzera 200–300 kg yegrafiti yakawedzerwa panguva imwe chete kune mhedzisiro yakanaka pakugadzirisa huremu hunorasika pachidimbu hunokonzerwa nekusagadzirwa zvakanaka kwemafuta.

Bata: May Ye

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