Tekinoroji Yekuchera Nekugadzira | Chii Chinonzi Kumhanya Kwekuchera - Kuwedzera Zvishandiso? Maitiro Ekuvandudza Zvinobudirira Kushanda Kwekuchera Uye Kuderedza Mari?

1Yakakwirira - Inodzivirira Kupisa Yakaenzana - Ukobvu hweMadziro Screw Drilling Speed ​​- Inowedzera Tekinoroji

Skuruu inotsungirira kupisa kwakanyanya chishandiso chinowedzera kumhanya chakagadzirirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekushanda kwepamusoro uye kuvimbika kwakanyanya muindasitiri yekuboora. Munguva yekushandisa screws dzechinyakare dzekuboora, nekuda kwenzvimbo inodziya zvakanyanya uye mamiriro ekushanda akaomarara, kukuvara kwakanyanya uye kuneta kunowanzoitika, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwekushanda zvakanaka kwekuboora. Zvisinei, screwuu inodzivisa kupisa kwakanyanya ine simba rakaenzana rekudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya, iyo inogona kuchengetedza hunhu hwakagadzikana hwemakanika munzvimbo inodziya zvakanyanya, kuderedza kutadza kwemidziyo kunokonzerwa nekupisa kwakanyanya, uye nokudaro inovandudza kumhanya kwekuboora.

1.1 Nheyo yeUnyanzvi

Mota yedownhole inotyaira zvakananga drill bit kuti ipwanye dombo nedrill, izvo zvinogona kuendesa simba kune drill bit zvinobudirira, kuderedza kurasikirwa nesimba, uye kugadzirisa mashandiro emidziyo yedownhole. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mota inotyaira zvakananga drill bit, izvo zvinogona kudzivirira kurasikirwa nesimba kunokonzerwa nekurasikirwa kwesystem yekutumira, kuitira kuti simba rakawanda rishandiswe pakupwanya dombo - kupwanya drill, kuvandudza kumhanya kwedrill uye kushanda zvakanaka. Kuti iwedzere kuvandudza kuramba kupisa kwepamusoro kwemidziyo, sikuruu yemadziro isingapindi tembiricha yakaenzana inoshandisa zvimwe zvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya uye matekinoroji ekurapa pamusoro. Semuenzaniso, simbi ye alloy yakakwira inoshandiswa sechinhu chikuru, kana kuti pamusoro pemidziyo inogadziriswa kupisa kana kurapwa kwekuputira kuti ivandudze kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya kwemidziyo. Sezvo stator ichishandisa ganda resimbi rakagadzirwa kare rine chimiro chakasiyana, uye yobva yaiswa glue kuti igadzire rabha rakatetepa uye rakaenzana, mota ine torque yakakura uye inogona kugadzirisa mamiriro akasiyana-siyana akaomarara e geology. Chimiro ichi chinoita kuti musiyano uri pakati pe stator ne rotor yemota uve mudiki, nokudaro zvichideredza kukweshana nekupfeka, uye kuvandudza hupenyu hwebasa uye kuvimbika kwemidziyo. Chishandiso ichi chinoshandisawo nzira yekuvhara kana kukweshana kwemuchina kuti chivandudze kutenderera kwakarurama uye kugadzikana kwemidziyo, uye kudzivirira kudzikira kwekushanda zvakanaka kwekuboorera kunokonzerwa nekudedera kwescrew kana kusagadzikana.

1.2 Kuongorora Kuchinjika

Panyaya yekushanda, sikuruu inotsungirira kupisa kwakanyanya yakaenzana neukobvu hwemadzirochishandiso chekubooreraHaina chete hunhu hwese hwemamota escrew akajairika, asiwo ine hunhu hwetorque yakakura, kutanga nyore, uye kuramba zvakanyanya overload, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera mabasa ekuboorera munzvimbo dzakadzika tembiricha yepamusoro. Nekushandisa sikuruu yakatwasuka ine pendulum diki yekuboorera munzvimbo dzakakwira, kumhanya kwakanyanya kwekuboorera kunogona kuwanikwa nekumanikidzwa kwakaderera kwekuboorera, uye mhedzisiro yakakosha yekuderedza nekudzivirira kutsauka inogona kuwanikwa. Panguva imwe chete, dhizaini yesikuruu yakatwasuka inogona zvakare kupa simba rekutsigira rakasimba kudzivirira drill bit kuti isatsauke munzvimbo dzakakwira, nokudaro ichivandudza kugadzikana kwekuboorera. Zvese tsvakiridzo yedzidziso uye mashandisirwo ari panzvimbo zvinoratidza kuti tekinoroji yekuboorera nekukurumidza inoshandisa screws dzinodzivirira tembiricha yakaenzana nehukobvu hwemadziro inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kumhanya kwekutenderera kwedrill bit pasi petsime, kugadzirisa nharaunda yekudzikira kwekupisa kwakanyanya, uye kugadzirisa zvinobudirira kudzora kwemhando yewellbore. Panguva imwe chete, inogona zvakare kuderedza mutoro wedhiraivha yepamusoro uye torque yedhiraivha, uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa redhiraivha. Kana tichienzanisa nekushandisa maturusi ekuboorera ePDC, nzira iyi inogona kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kweboorera uye kuratidza mhedzisiro yakanaka kwazvo yehupfumi nehunyanzvi.

2Kumhanya Kwemabhiti eTurbine + Dhaimani Yakaiswa Mudumbu - Kuvandudza Tekinoroji

Turbodrill chishandiso chemagetsi chinoburitswa pasi chinogona kushandura simba re hydraulic remvura kuita simba remagetsi rinotenderera, nokudaro zvichiita kuti drill bit itenderere uye irove, uye zvichiita kuti drill iite nekukurumidza uye zvakanaka. Inonyanya kuumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu: chikamu che turbine, shaft yepasi rose, uye shaft yekutumira. Iyo impregnated diamond bit rudzi rwe diamond bit. Matrix yayo inogadzirwa ne sintering diamond polycrystalline particles kunze kwe matrix, izvo zvinoita kuti bit ive nehasha. Iyo matrix ine urefu hwakati, dhayamita yayo yekunze yakakura zvishoma pane dhayamita yekunze ye bit body, uye dhayamita yayo yemukati idiki zvishoma pane dhayamita yemukati ye bit body. Rutivi rwekunze, divi remukati, uye pasi pe matrix zvese zvinopihwa migero yemvura yekuburitsa matombo akachekwa uye kutonhodza bit kuburikidza nemvura inoyerera. Iyo matrix ine simba rakakwana rekumanikidza uye kurovera, pamwe nekuoma kwakanyanya uye kuramba kupfeka. Iyo turbodrill uye impregnated diamond bit zvishandiso zvakakosha mukuita kwekuchera mafuta, uye kushandiswa kwavo pamwe chete kunogona kuvandudza kushanda kwekuchera uye kunaka kwekuchera.

2.1 Nheyo yeUnyanzvi

Chikamu cheturbine ndicho chikamu chikuru cheturbodrill, iyo inoumbwa nema turbine stators nema rotors, ma bearings ari pakati, main shafts, uye casings. Inogona kushandura simba remvura remvura yekuchera kuita simba remagetsi rekutenderera kweshaft huru. Maumbirwo ayo emukati anosanganisira matanho akawanda ema paired stators nema rotors. Kana mvura yekuchera ikapinda mu stator ichitevedza chishandiso chekuchera, stator inotungamira mvura yekuchera kuti ive negwara rakati uye kumhanya, uye yozopinda mu rotor. Mu rotor, mvura yekuchera ichakanganisa mablades kuti igadzire musiyano wekumanikidzwa, izvo zvichaita kuti rotor itenderere. Kuburikidza neiyi nzira, simba remvura yekuchera rinoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi rinoita kuti turbine shaft itenderere.

Nzira huru yekupwanya dombo redhaimani rakaiswa mumushonga ndeyekupwanya dombo, kureva kuti, kushandisa zvidimbu zvedhaimani kupwanya, kukwenya, uye kukwenya dombo nguva dzose uchishandisa simba re axial uye torque, kuitira kuti chinangwa chekupwanya dombo chibudirire. Dhaimani iri rinonyanya kushandisa nzira iyi yekupwanya dombo rine resistance yakakura yekupfeka, iyo inogona kubata matombo anokwenya zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvakaoma - zvakaoma kwazvo, uye kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwekuchera uye hupenyu hwebasa redhiri.

2.2 Kuongorora Kuchinjika

Chidimbu chedhaimani chakaiswa muturbodrill + chakaiswa muimpregnated diamond bit chinoshandisa chimiro chesimbi chose, chine simba rekudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya uye kuchera kwakasimba, zvichiita kuti chikwanise kushanda zvakanaka kunyangwe munzvimbo dzakaoma. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru mumabasa ekuchera matsime akadzika uye matsime akadzika zvakanyanya. Musanganiswa wezvishandiso izvi une kushanda kwakanaka kweaxial balance, izvo zvinogona kuderedza kudedera kwedivi, kugadzira nzira yakatsetseka yetsime, kuderedza kukuvara kwemadziro etsime, nokudaro zvichidzivirira chidimbu chegomba nezvimwe zvishandiso zvepasi, uye zvinobatsira kumabasa anotevera. Nekuda kwehunhu hwekutenderera nekukurumidza kweturbodrill, kusanganiswa kwechidimbu chedhaimani chakaiswa muimpregnated neturbine inomhanya zvakanyanya kunogona kushandisa kuchera kwakakwirira muzvikamu zvakadzika nekuoma kwakanyanya uye kusimba kwakasimba, uye kuvandudza zvikuru kugona kwekuchera.

3Kumhanya Kwekubhowa KweTorque Impactor - Kuvandudza Tekinoroji

Chishandiso che torque isimba remagetsi rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakupwanya maPDC bits. Chishandiso ichi chinoburitsa kudonha kwesimba kuburikidza ne "variable - flow nozzle", zvichigadzira nzvimbo ine pressure yakakwira uye nzvimbo ine pressure yakaderera mukati mayo. Kana musiyano wepressure ukashanda pamudziyo, nzira yekuyerera inoshanduka kuita kuti "impact hammer" ne "starting hammer" mukati memudziyo zvidzokere shure nekukurumidza. "Impact hammer" inoramba ichirova pamusoro pe "impact", nokudaro ichiendesa simba re "impact" ku "drill bit", ichigadzira "high - frequency pulse torque". Inoshandura nesimba re "fluid" re "drilling fluid" kuita "torsional", "high - frequency", "uniform", uye "stable mechanical impact energy" uye inoitumira zvakananga kuPDC bit, ichichengetedza "drill bit" ne "low - pressure" yetsime zvichienderera mberi nguva dzese.

3.1 Nheyo yeUnyanzvi

Simba repamusoro-soro reimpact rakasimba kubva pa750 times/min kusvika 1500 times/min rinopihwa ne torque impactor rakaenzana nekucheka formation kakawanda paminiti. Izvi zvinoita kuti drill bit ikwanise kucheka formation isina kumirira kuti torsion iunganidze simba rakakwana, zvichichinja zvachose mashandiro e drill bit. Panguva ino, drill bit ine masimba maviri ekucheka formation: rimwe i torque inopihwa ne rotary table, uye rimwe i impact force inopihwa ne torque impactor. Masimba maviri aya anotumirwa zvakananga ku drill bit pachayo, kuitira kuti torque inotumirwa ne drill pipe ikwanise kushandiswa zvizere kucheka formation pasina marara. Kubatanidzwa kwe torque iyi ne impact force hakungogone chete kuvandudza speed yekuboorera, asiwo zvinobudirira kuderedza kana kubvisa vibration inokuvadza ye drill bit panguva yekuboorera mu hard formations, kuchengetedza drill bit, kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa re drill bit, uye panguva imwe chete kuderedza simba rekuneta kwezvimwe zvishandiso zvekuboorera uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa hwezvimwe zvishandiso zvekuboorera. Mufananidzo 1 unoratidza mamiriro ekumanikidzwa kwe downhole drill string ye conventional drilling tool ne torque impactor.

3.2 Kuongorora Kuchinjika

Sechishandiso chemhando yepamusoro chekuboora, torque impactor ine chimiro chemukati chemakanika chinonzwisisika, haina zvikamu zverabha nezvikamu zvemagetsi, uye zvikamu zvishoma. Kunyangwe ikakundikana, inongofanana nedrill bit sub inotenderera nguva dzose pamwe chete nePDC bit pasina kukanganisa kubhoora kunoenderera mberi, uye hapana chikonzero chekugumbura drill, saka ine kuvimbika kwakanyanya. Torque impactor yakakodzera mafomu akasiyana-siyana akaomarara, kunyanya mafomu edombo reigneous ane abrasive yakasimba uye drillability isina kunaka. Panguva imwe chete, chishandiso chiri nyore kushandisa. Pakushandisa torque impactor, inongoda kubatanidzwa zvakananga kune rotating kana directional drilling tool, iyo iri nyore uye iri nyore kushandisa.

4Chinhu Chinopa Simba Rakawanda

Impactor yecompound mudziyo wepamusoro wekuchera une mudziyo wekushandura simba wakagadzirwa mukati, unogona kushandura simba remvura yemvura yekuchera kuita simba rekurova, nokudaro uchigadzira masimba ekurova akasimba ane frequency circumferential uye axial. Nzira iyi inoshanda inovandudza zvakanyanya kushanda kwedombo - breaking bit, inogadzirisa zvinobudirira matambudziko ekubata stick - slip uye pressure panguva yekuchera, uye nokudaro inobudirira pakuwedzera kumhanya. Impactor yecompound haina chete hunhu hwe torsional impact uye mabhenefiti e torque impactor, asiwo inobatanidza nehunyanzvi basa re axial impact..

chinhu chinopa simba remakemikari

4.1 Nheyo yeUnyanzvi

Maumbirwo emukati memuchina we "compound impactor" anoumbwa nesimbi yakachena. Inoshandura simba remvura ye "drilling fluid" kuita "high - frequency and stable circumferential and axial impact energy" kuburikidza ne "reverser mechanism". Munguva yekuboora kwe "conventional drilling tool assembly", mushure mekunge PDC bit yapinda mu "formation", kuunganidzwa kwesimba kwe "top drilling tool" kunofanirwa kudarika kukosha kwakakosha kuti kutange kupwanya matombo. Kusiyana neizvi, "compound impactor" inoshandura simba remvura ye "drilling fluid" kuita "impact energy", zvichipa "high - frequency and stable impact force" ye "drill bit". Nenzira iyi, "rock - breaking stress" inogona kukurumidza kusvika pa "critical stress" ye "formation stress", zvichivandudza zvakanyanya kushanda kwe "PDC bit". Panguva imwe chete, nekuda kwekudzikira kwe "rock - breaking stress" uye "torque", zvinobatsira kuti "drill bit" iite "uniform stress" pasi pe "well-high stress" pa "PDC bit" pasi pe "conventional drilling tools". Nokudaro, "stress" pa "drill bit" inova yakafanana uye yakagadzikana, nokudaro ichiwedzera hupenyu hwe "PDC bit" uye ichiwedzera "working footage" ye "drill bit".

4.2 Kuongorora Kuchinjika

Kana ichienzaniswa ne torque impactor, compound impactor inowedzera simba re longitudinal impactor. Panyaya iyi, kushanda kwayo pakuputsa matombo kwakanyanya, uye yakakodzera kushandiswa mu tight formations. Pasi pehukuru hwakaenzana, drill pressure yakakwana ye compound impactor yakakwira zvishoma pane ye torque impactor. Kune compound impactor, drill bit inoshandiswa inofanira kunge iine impact resistance yakasimba, uye kune mazino anonyudza anopararira padivi pemain cutting decoration decoration decoration, izvo zvinodzivirira drill bit zvinobudirira. Pakuchera mu hard formations uye abrasive formations, kusarudza HPM series PDC bits kunogona kuwana chiyero chakakwana pakati pekumhanya kwekuchera nefootage.

5Mhedziso neTarisiro

Nyaya ino inodzidza uye inosuma kumhanya kwakajairika kwekuboora - maturusi anowedzera. Kuburikidza nekuongorora misimboti, hunhu, uye mashandisirwo ezvishandiso izvi, mhedzisiro inoratidza kuti mhando dzakasiyana dzekumhanya kwekuboora - maturusi anowedzera akakodzera mamiriro akasiyana enzvimbo uye zvinodiwa pakuboora. Panguva imwe chete, nekuda kwemitengo yakasiyana yekushandisa maturusi akasiyana, kusarudzwa kwekumhanya kwekuboora - maturusi anowedzera anofanirawo kutariswa kubva pamaonero ehupfumi.

Kuti titsvage mune ramangwana, zvinokurudzirwa kuti tiite zvinotevera: kudzidza zvakawanda nezvekushanda kwekukurumidza kwekuchera - kuwedzera maturusi, kugadzirisa dhizaini yezvishandiso, uye kuvandudza kugona kwawo kuchinjika uye kushanda kwawo; sanganisa matekinoroji akadai sehungwaru hwekugadzira nedata guru kuti tiwane hungwaru uye kutarisa kumhanya kwekuchera kure - kuwedzera maturusi, uye kuvandudza kuchengetedzeka nekushanda zvakanaka kwemabasa ekuchera; kuwedzera kushandiswa kwekumhanya kwekuchera - kuwedzera maturusi mune dzimwe nzvimbo, dzakadai sematsime emvura, matsime egasi, uye matsime emvura inopisa, kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa nebudiriro yemagariro evanhu nehupfumi.

Bata: Jessie Zhou

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