Kusarudzwa kwemafuta uye gasi zvakanaka kuwedzera maitiro ekugadzira

Oiri uye gasi tsime rinowedzera chigadzirwa tekinoroji chiyero chehunyanzvi chekuvandudza kugadzirwa kwematsime emafuta (kusanganisira matsime egasi) uye kunyudza kwemvura kwematsime ejekiseni remvura. Nzira dzinowanzo shandiswa dzinosanganisira hydraulic fracturing uye acidification kurapwa, kuwedzera kune downhole kuputika, solvent treatment, etc.

1) Hydraulic fracturing process

Hydraulic fracturing inosanganisira jekiseni yakakwira-viscosity fracturing fluid mutsime pane yakakura vhoriyamu iyo inodarika iyo yekunyudza kugona kwekuumbwa, nekudaro ichiwedzera pasi-gomba kudzvanywa uye kutsemuka kuumbwa. Nekuenderera mberi kwejekiseni ye fracturing fluid, kuputika kunowedzera zvakadzika mukuumbwa. Imwe chiyero cheproppant (kunyanya jecha) inofanira kuiswa mumvura inoputika kudzivirira kuputsika kubva pakuvhara mushure mokunge pombi yamira. Izvo zvakaputsika zvakazadzwa neproppant zvinoshandura seepage mode yemafuta uye gasi mukuumbwa, kuwedzera nzvimbo yekuona, kuderedza kuyerera kwekudzivirira, uye kaviri kugadzirwa kwemafuta mutsime. "Shale gasi", iyo inonyanya kufarirwa muindasitiri yemafuta epasi rose munguva pfupi yapfuura, inobatsira kubva mukukurumidza kukura kweiyo hydraulic fracturing tekinoroji!

2) Oiri tsime acidification kurapwa

Oiri tsime acidification kurapwa kwakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: hydrochloric acid kurapwa kwe carbonate rock formations uye ivhu asidhi kurapwa kwejecha maumbirwo. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa se acidification.

►Hydrochloric acid kurapwa kwecarbonate rock formations: Carbonate matombo akadai se limestone uye dolomite anoita ne hydrochloric acid kuti abudise calcium chloride kana magnesium chloride inonyungudika mumvura nyore, iyo inowedzera kupera kwekuumbwa uye nekubudirira inovandudza kugadzirwa kwematsime emafuta. . Pasi pemamiriro ekushisa ekuumbwa, hydrochloric acid inobata nokukurumidza zvikuru nematombo, uye yakawanda yacho inopedzwa pedyo nechepasi pegomba uye haigoni kupinda mukati memukati wemafuta, inokanganisa acidification effect.

►Soil acid kurapwa kwekuumbwa kwejecha: Iwo makuru emaminerari ejecha quartz uye feldspar. Masimende acho anowanzo silicates (sevhu) uye carbonates, ese ari maviri anonyungudika muhydrofluoric acid. Zvisinei, mushure mekuita pakati pe hydrofluoric acid ne carbonates, calcium fluoride precipitation ichaitika, iyo isingakodzeri kugadzirwa kwemafuta uye gasi matsime. Kazhinji, sandstone inorapwa ne8-12% hydrochloric acid pamwe ne2-4% hydrofluoric acid yakasanganiswa nevhu asidhi kudzivirira kunaya kwecalcium fluoride. Iko kusanganiswa kwehydrofluoric acid muvhu asidhi haifanirwe kunge yakakwira zvakanyanya kudzivirira kukuvadza chimiro chejecha uye kukonzera tsaona dzekugadzira jecha. Kuti udzivise kuita kwakashata pakati pe calcium ne magnesium ions mukugadzirwa uye hydrofluoric acid nezvimwe zvikonzero, kuumbwa kunofanira kunge kusati kwaitwa nehydrochloric acid isati yabaya ivhu reacid. The pretreatment range inofanira kuva yakakura kudarika ivhu acid treatment range. Iyo authigenic ivhu acid tekinoroji yakagadziriswa mumakore achangopfuura. Methyl formate uye ammonium fluoride inoshandiswa kuita mukuumbwa kugadzira hydrofluoric acid, iyo inoshanda mukati mekupisa-kupisa kwemafuta layer mumatsime akadzika kuvandudza ivhu asidi kurapwa. Nekudaro kuvandudza kugona kwekugadzirwa kwematsime emafuta.